In 2020, a large-scale plan was announced by the Chinese government to transform the entire island province into a free trade port, with the aim of turning it into the largest free-trade port in the world by 2035. However, many of these islands are also claimed and de facto controlled by other countries, such as Philippines and Vietnam.
The other major cities are Wenchang, Sansha, Qionghai, Wanning, Wuzhishan, Dongfang and Danzhou.Īccording to China's territorial claims, several controversial territories in the South China Sea, including the Spratly Islands ( Nansha) and Paracel Islands ( Xisha), are administered under Sansha city of the province. The capital of the province is Haikou, on the northern coast of Hainan Island, while Sanya is a well-known tourist destination on the southern coast. There are ten major cities and ten counties in Hainan Province. Hainan is also home to the Jiamao language, of disputed provenance.
Speakers of Be, despite speaking a Kra-Dai language, are reckoned officially as ethnically Chinese. The Chinese population, who compose a majority of the population at 82%, speak a wide variety of languages including Standard Chinese, Hainam Min, Yue Chinese, Cantonese, Hakka Chinese, etc. The Hlai are recognized by the Chinese government as one of the country's 56 ethnic groups. Their native languages include the Hlai languages. Indigenous peoples like the Hlai, a Kra–Dai-speaking ethnic group, are native to the island and compose 15% of the population. It was part of Guangdong from 1950 to 1988, after which it was made a province of its own and was designated as a special economic zone by Deng Xiaoping, as part of the Chinese economic reform program. The province has a land area of 33,920 square kilometers (13,100 sq mi), of which Hainan Island is 32,900 square kilometers (12,700 sq mi) and the rest is over 200 islands scattered across three archipelagos: Zhongsha, Xisha and Nansha. The name means "south of the sea", reflecting the island's position south of the Qiongzhou Strait, which separates it from Leizhou Peninsula and the Chinese mainland. Hainan Island, the largest and most populous island in China, makes up the vast majority (97%) of the province.
Hainan ( UK: / h aɪ ˈ n æ n/, US: /- n ɑː n/ Chinese: 海南) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea.
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